Standard Weldable Patterns
Micro-Measurements
Special Use Sensors - Weldable Strain Gages
Micro-Measurements Standard Weldable Strain Gages and
Temperature Sensors are specially designed for spot
welding to structures and components. They are ideal for
applications where test or environmental conditions preclude
clamping and curing an adhesively bonded gage installation.
These gages are equally advantageous when strain
measurements must be made at an elevated temperature,
but the nature of the test object does not permit the use of an
elevated-temperature-curing adhesive.
Surface preparation requirements are minimal; only an
appropriate solvent cleaning and abrasion of the test part
surface with silicon-carbide paper or a small, hand-held
grinder is needed. Spot welding is accomplished with a
portable stored-energy hand-probe spot welder, such as the
Model 700. Environmental protection is as easily applied to a
welded gage installation as to an adhesively bonded gage.
Refer to Instruction Bulletin B-131 and Catalog A-110 for
further information on installation and protective coatings,
and to Bulletin 302 for specifications on the Model 700
Welding/Soldering Unit.
DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE
General — All sensors are laboratory-prebonded, with a
high-performance adhesive, to thin (0.005 in [0.13 mm])
metal carriers. Sensor grids are fully encapsulated for
protection against handling and installation damage.
Standard weldable strain gages are offered in two series to
meet differing performance requirements. Both series are
available in either 06 or 09 self-temperature compensation.
Strain gages with 06 S-T-C have Inconel carriers, while
S-T-C 09 gages and temperature sensors are mounted on
300-series stainless steel.
Series is ideal for direct leadwire attachment, before or after
installation.
Strain range is ±5000μin/in [±5000μm/m], and normal
operating temperature range is –100° to +200°F [–75° to
+95°C]. Short-term maximum temperature is +300°F
[+150°C].
LWK-Series Weldable Strain Gage — Nickel-chromium
alloy grid, encapsulated in fiberglass-reinforced epoxy
phenolic. The LWK gage is provided with a three-wire lead
system with 10 in [250 mm] of Teflon ? -insulated leadwire.
This construction simplifies leadwire temperature
compensation and provides for easy connection of the lead
system to the instrumentation cable. Minimum installation
radius is generally limited to 2in [50 mm].
Strain range is ±5000μin/in [±5000μm/m], and normal
operating temperature range is –320° to +500°F [–195° to
+260°C]. Short-term maximum temperature is +550°F
[+290°C].
WWT-Series Temperature Sensor — High-purity nickel foil
grid encapsulated in fiberglass-reinforced epoxy-phenolic,
and equipped with integral three-tab terminal to facilitate
leadwire attachment. The temperature sensor is normally
installed on a flat surface of the workpiece, but, in any case,
should always be oriented with the gridlines in the direction
of minimum strain to avoid strain-induced errors (see
Micro-Measurements Tech Note TN-506, Bondable
Resistance Temperature Sensors and Associated Circuitry).
With an appropriate LST Matching Network, the temperature
response characteristic of the nickel can be linearized and
scaled for direct readout (in degrees) with any strain
CEA-Series Weldable Strain Gage
— Polyimide-
indicator.
encapsulated constantan foil grid, with large, rugged,
copper-coated tabs. In most cases, the carrier can be
Teflon is a Registered Trademark of DuPont.
contoured to a radius as small as 1/2in [13mm]. The CEA
MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS
It is important to note that operating characteristics of
weldable strain gages (gage factor, transverse sensitivity,
and thermal output) are specified for the basic strain gage
itself — without the metal carrier. Thus, the properties are
measured by bonding a conventional strain gage directly
to an appropriate calibration specimen, following standard
methods specified for all Micro-Measurements strain
gages. This procedure assures the most accurate results,
independent of the variables introduced by welding. In
particular, the user should be aware that the gage factor
specified on the engineering data sheet accompanying
the gage applies only to the basic strain gage, without the
shim. The effective gage factor of the weldable assembly
(after welding to the test member) is commonly 5 to 10%
lower than this, due primarily to the stiffness of the shim.
The reduction in gage factor is not subject to quantitative
generalization, because it depends on the cross-sectional
properties of the test specimen, and on the mode of
loading (e.g., bending versus direct stress). It has been
demonstrated, however, that for a group of like
specimens, loaded in the same manner, the weldable
gages exhibit very good repeatability and uniformity of
response. Therefore, when test requirements dictate
greatest accuracy, the weldable gages should be
calibrated on a specimen of the same material and cross
section as the test part, and under the same mode of
loading.
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For technical questions, contact: micro-measurements@vishaypg.com
Document Number: 11519
Revision: 02-Feb-10
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